Titanium
Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder
Properties, tempers, machining, finishes and uses — values shown for the SR condition.
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM powder is the extra-low-interstitial version of the alpha-beta alloy, supplied to ASTM F3001 / UNS R56401 for L-PBF, EB-PBF and DED.
Reference datasheet — Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
What is Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder?
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM powder is the extra-low-interstitial version of the alpha-beta alloy, supplied to ASTM F3001 / UNS R56401 for L-PBF, EB-PBF and DED. Lower oxygen, nitrogen and iron trade a little strength — 1010 MPa yield, 1100 MPa tensile, 13 % elongation and 35 HRC in the default condition — for higher fracture toughness and fatigue life, which is why it is used for load-bearing implants and fracture-critical aerospace hardware. Powder must be kept dry and oxygen-controlled through reuse, and HIP is standard for fatigue-rated parts; machinability is poor (20). Standard Grade 5 powder is cheaper where toughness is not critical. Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder has a density of 4.43 g/cm³ (0.16 lb/in³), lighter than 89% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,604°C (2,919 °F). Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder has a yield strength of 1,010 MPa (146 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,100 MPa (160 ksi) — stronger than 93% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 13% and the elastic modulus is 113 GPa (16.4 Msi).
What is Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder used for?
- spinal implants
- hip/knee implant lattices
- critical aerospace AM components
- biomedical devices
Advantages
- High strength — 1,010 MPa (146 ksi), better than 93% of titanium grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 48 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 95% of titanium grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 1 % IACS, worse than 89% of titanium grades
- Poor heat conductor — 6.8 W/m·K (3.93 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 86% of titanium grades
- Low fracture toughness — 60 MPa·√m (54.6 ksi·√in), worse than 83% of titanium grades
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder properties
Typical room-temperature values for Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder-SR (standard as-delivered condition for l-pbf parts: removes residual stress and distortion risk while keeping high strength), compiled from standards, handbooks and producer data. Each bar shows where the value sits among the titanium grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher. Other conditions have their own pages: see tempers.
Physical3
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder has a density of 4.43 g/cm³ (0.16 lb/in³), lighter than 89% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,604°C (2,919 °F).
Mechanical16
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder has a yield strength of 1,010 MPa (146 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,100 MPa (160 ksi) — stronger than 93% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 13% and the elastic modulus is 113 GPa (16.4 Msi).
Thermal6
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 6.8 W/m·K (3.93 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 86% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 8.7 µm/m·K (4.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder conducts electricity at 1 % IACS, worse than 89% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (92/100), better than 53% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder takes about 780 MJ of energy and emits 48 kg of CO₂ — more than 98% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 20%.
Manufacturability7
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder's machinability is poor (20/100, worse than 68% of titanium grades); weldability very good (75/100); formability poor (25/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder tempers and conditions
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder is supplied in 10 conditions, each with its own property set. Open one for its full datasheet. SR is what FabDigit quotes unless the drawing says otherwise.
- SRDefaultStandard as-delivered condition for L-PBF parts: removes residual stress and distortion risk while keeping high strength.1,010 MPa yield · 35 HRC
- AB-LPBFHighest strength but lowest ductility and high residual stress — only for non-critical or subsequently treated parts.1,120 MPa yield · 38 HRC
- STAChoose when maximum strength is needed in thin sections and reduced ductility/toughness is acceptable.1,080 MPa yield · 38 HRC
- ANNUse when wrought-equivalent ductility and property isotropy matter more than peak strength.910 MPa yield · 33 HRC
- AB-EBPBFHot (≈650–700 °C) build gives an in-situ annealed, low-residual-stress structure; typical for acetabular cups and lattice implants.890 MPa yield · 32 HRC
- HIPMandatory condition for fatigue-critical aerospace and implant parts: closes internal porosity and maximises ductility and fatigue life.880 MPa yield · 32 HRC
- EBPBF-HIPStandard route for fatigue-rated EBM implants and aero brackets; pore-free with wrought-level ductility.860 MPa yield · 31 HRC
3 further conditions are listed below with a summary only.
| Condition | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SRDefault stress relieved (typ. 650–800 °C / 1–4 h, vacuum or argon) | Standard as-delivered condition for L-PBF parts: removes residual stress and distortion risk while keeping high strength. | 1,010 | 1,100 | 13 | 35 HRC | — |
as-atomized spherical feedstock (GA/PA/PREP) | Pick when specifying the feedstock itself: 15–53 µm for L-PBF, 45–106 µm for EB-PBF/DED, ASTM F3049 characterization. | — | — | — | 340 HV | — |
laser powder bed fusion, no heat treatment | Highest strength but lowest ductility and high residual stress — only for non-critical or subsequently treated parts. | 1,120 | 1,250 | 8 | 38 HRC | — |
mill anneal 730–850 °C, furnace/air cool | Use when wrought-equivalent ductility and property isotropy matter more than peak strength. | 910 | 1,000 | 15 | 33 HRC | — |
hot isostatic pressed (typ. 900–920 °C / 100–120 MPa / 2 h) | Mandatory condition for fatigue-critical aerospace and implant parts: closes internal porosity and maximises ductility and fatigue life. | 880 | 970 | 17 | 32 HRC | — |
solution treated (≈940 °C, WQ) and aged (≈500–550 °C) | Choose when maximum strength is needed in thin sections and reduced ductility/toughness is acceptable. | 1,080 | 1,170 | 10 | 38 HRC | — |
electron beam melting, hot build chamber | Hot (≈650–700 °C) build gives an in-situ annealed, low-residual-stress structure; typical for acetabular cups and lattice implants. | 890 | 980 | 14 | 32 HRC | — |
electron beam built then hot isostatic pressed | Standard route for fatigue-rated EBM implants and aero brackets; pore-free with wrought-level ductility. | 860 | 950 | 18 | 31 HRC | — |
laser/wire directed energy deposition, no HT | For large near-net shapes and repairs; coarse columnar prior-β grains give marked anisotropy in the deposition direction. | 900 | 1,000 | 11 | 34 HRC | — |
deposited then vacuum annealed and HIPped | Use for large structural DED parts requiring certified fatigue and toughness (lack-of-fusion closure plus homogenised microstructure). | 865 | 950 | 16 | 32 HRC | — |
Working with Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder
Is Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder easy to machine?
Low thermal conductivity and chemical reactivity: use rigid setups, sharp uncoated-carbide or AlTiN tools, 30–60 m/min, heavy flood coolant, and never dwell in the cut.
Can Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder be welded?
Excellent by GTAW, laser and EBW under high-purity argon or vacuum with full back-purge; keep O/N/H pickup low and avoid porosity from residual powder or contamination.
Can Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder be formed, bent or molded?
Processed by L-PBF/EB-PBF/DED rather than forming; keep powder dry and O₂ controlled, orient parts to limit overhangs, stress relieve before removal from plate, and HIP for fatigue-rated parts.
Strength versus weight in the titanium family
Yield strength against density for every titanium grade FabDigit runs. Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Alα stabiliser | 5.5 – 6.5 | 6 |
| Vβ stabiliser | 3.5 – 4.5 | 4 |
| FeELI limit | ≤ 0.25 | 0.15 |
| Oextra-low interstitial; key toughness driver, rises with powder reuse | ≤ 0.13 | 0.09 |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | 0.02 |
| N | ≤ 0.05 | 0.01 |
| H0.015 max allowed for some powder lots | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Yyttrium residual limit | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Other each | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Other total | ≤ 0.4 | — |
| Ti | balance | — |
What surface finishes work on Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder?
Support removal plus machining, abrasive/chemical polishing or electropolishing; anodize per AMS 2488 for color/bio-surfaces, or grit-blast/plasma-spray HA on implants.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on titanium parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing.
Thermal Spray
- Plasma Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- R56401
- ASTM
- F3001
- Also called
- TC4 ELITi-6Al-4V ELI
- Other
- AMS7000
How much does Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder cost?
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder is a high-cost titanium ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder — frequently asked
What is Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder used for?
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder is typically used for spinal implants, hip/knee implant lattices, critical aerospace AM components and biomedical devices. In short: toughest AM titanium powder; implant-grade ELI chemistry; better fatigue than Grade 5.
What is the yield strength of Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder?
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder has a typical yield strength of 1,010 MPa (146 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,100 MPa (160 ksi) — stronger than 93% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 10 listed tempers.
Is Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (20/100, worse than 68% of titanium grades). Low thermal conductivity and chemical reactivity: use rigid setups, sharp uncoated-carbide or AlTiN tools, 30–60 m/min, heavy flood coolant, and never dwell in the cut.
Can Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (75/100). Excellent by GTAW, laser and EBW under high-purity argon or vacuum with full back-purge; keep O/N/H pickup low and avoid porosity from residual powder or contamination.
What surface finishes work on Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder?
Support removal plus machining, abrasive/chemical polishing or electropolishing; anodize per AMS 2488 for color/bio-surfaces, or grit-blast/plasma-spray HA on implants.
Can Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder be formed, bent or molded?
Processed by L-PBF/EB-PBF/DED rather than forming; keep powder dry and O₂ controlled, orient parts to limit overhangs, stress relieve before removal from plate, and HIP for fatigue-rated parts.
What is the maximum service temperature of Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder?
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder-SR and Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder DED-HIP?
SR is the default condition — standard as-delivered condition for L-PBF parts: removes residual stress and distortion risk while keeping high strength. DED-HIP: use for large structural DED parts requiring certified fatigue and toughness (lack-of-fusion closure plus homogenised microstructure). Yield strength is 1,010 MPa in SR versus 865 MPa in DED-HIP.
How much does Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder cost?
Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) AM Powder is a high-cost titanium ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- ASTM F3001 — Additive Manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V ELI with Powder Bed Fusion — ASTM International (2022)
- ASTM F136 / ASTM B348 Grade 23 (UNS R56401) — ASTM International (2022)
- AMS 7000 / AMS 4931 (L-PBF Ti-6Al-4V, HIP) — SAE International (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Ti64 ELI AM powder / L-PBF material datasheets — EOS, SLM Solutions, AP&C, Carpenter Additive (2023)
- MMPDS-17 Ti-6Al-4V property tables (wrought reference) — Battelle (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.