Titanium Ti-10-2-3 · heat-treated state
Titanium Ti-10-2-3-STA
Properties of the STA condition, compared with the other Ti-10-2-3 tempers.
The standard service condition for landing-gear and high-load structural forgings — best overall strength/toughness balance.
What is Ti-10-2-3-STA?
Ti-10-2-3-STA is Ti-10-2-3 heat treated to STA — the standard service condition for landing-gear and high-load structural forgings — best overall strength/toughness balance. Ti-10-2-3-STA has a yield strength of 1,170 MPa (170 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,250 MPa (181 ksi) — stronger than 100% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 8% and the elastic modulus is 110 GPa (16 Msi). Ti-10-2-3-STA has a density of 4.65 g/cm³ (0.168 lb/in³), heavier than 90% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,600°C (2,912 °F). O is the default condition FabDigit quotes; STA is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 1,170 MPa (170 ksi), better than 100% of titanium grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 8%, worse than 99% of titanium grades
- Difficult to weld — 30/100, worse than 98% of titanium grades
- Limited formability — 15/100, worse than 93% of titanium grades
- Low fracture toughness — 60 MPa·√m (54.6 ksi·√in), worse than 83% of titanium grades
Ti-10-2-3-STA properties
Typical room-temperature values for Ti-10-2-3-STA — 16 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every Ti-10-2-3 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the titanium grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
Ti-10-2-3-STA has a density of 4.65 g/cm³ (0.168 lb/in³), heavier than 90% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,600°C (2,912 °F).
Mechanical14
Ti-10-2-3-STA has a yield strength of 1,170 MPa (170 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,250 MPa (181 ksi) — stronger than 100% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 8% and the elastic modulus is 110 GPa (16 Msi).
Thermal6
Ti-10-2-3-STA is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 7.8 W/m·K (4.51 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 53% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 9 µm/m·K (5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Ti-10-2-3-STA conducts electricity at 1.2 % IACS, worse than 55% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (85/100), worse than 93% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Ti-10-2-3-STA takes about 650 MJ of energy and emits 40 kg of CO₂ — less than 75% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Ti-10-2-3-STA's machinability is poor (15/100, worse than 97% of titanium grades); weldability poor (30/100); formability poor (15/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other Ti-10-2-3 tempers and conditions
Ti-10-2-3 is also supplied in 5 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the Ti-10-2-3 overview.
- ODefaultStandard mill-supplied bar/billet condition: moderate strength, best machinability and stock stability before customer solution treat + age.930 MPa yield · 32 HRC
- STA-HSChoose for weight-critical, strength-driven fittings where lower fracture toughness and ductility are acceptable.1,220 MPa yield · 42 HRC
- STAThe standard service condition for landing-gear and high-load structural forgings — best overall strength/toughness balance.1,170 MPa yield · 40 HRC
- STA-HTChoose for damage-tolerance-critical thick forgings where K_IC and fatigue-crack-growth resistance dominate over peak strength.1,090 MPa yield · 38 HRC
- STPick when parts must be cold/warm formed, straightened or heavily machined before ageing to final strength.840 MPa yield · 29 HRC
Working with Ti-10-2-3-STA
Is Ti-10-2-3 easy to machine?
Machine like a hard β-Ti alloy: rigid setups, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated carbide, low surface speed (~20–35 m/min in STA), heavy positive rake, high-pressure flood coolant, never dwell — work hardening and heat build-up cause rapid tool wear and smearing.
Can Ti-10-2-3 be welded?
GTAW/EBW possible with full inert-gas or vacuum shielding and matching filler, but the weld/HAZ loses ductility and toughness; post-weld solution treat + age is required for structural joints, so most aerospace parts are mechanically fastened.
Can Ti-10-2-3 be formed, bent or molded?
Primarily a forging alloy — excellent hot workability just below the ~800 °C β transus with tightly controlled finish temperature and cooling rate; cold forming only in the solution-treated (soft) condition, then age to final strength.
What surface finishes work on Ti-10-2-3?
Shot peen or glass-bead peen highly loaded surfaces; anodize (Type II/colour) or chemically convert for ID and galling control; avoid chlorinated cleaners and cadmium/hydrogen-charging plating processes, and use titanium-safe pickling to prevent hydrogen pickup.
Ti-10-2-3 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Alα stabiliser | 2.6 – 3.4 | 3 |
| Vβ stabiliser | 9 – 11 | 10 |
| Festrong β stabiliser / eutectoid former | 1.6 – 2.2 | 2 |
| Ointerstitial, controls strength and toughness | ≤ 0.13 | 0.11 |
| N | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| C | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| H0.0125 max typical for forgings | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Y | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Other, each | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Other, total | ≤ 0.4 | — |
| Ti | balance | — |
Ti-10-2-3-STA — frequently asked
What is Ti-10-2-3-STA used for?
Ti-10-2-3-STA is typically used for aerospace landing gear forgings, airframe structural fittings, helicopter rotor hub components, actuator bodies and clevises, high-strength fasteners and wing-to-body attachment fittings. In short: high-strength β titanium.
What is the yield strength of Ti-10-2-3-STA?
Ti-10-2-3-STA has a typical yield strength of 1,170 MPa (170 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,250 MPa (181 ksi) — stronger than 100% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is Ti-10-2-3-STA easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (15/100, worse than 97% of titanium grades). Machine like a hard β-Ti alloy: rigid setups, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated carbide, low surface speed (~20–35 m/min in STA), heavy positive rake, high-pressure flood coolant, never dwell — work hardening and heat build-up cause rapid tool wear and smearing.
Can Ti-10-2-3-STA be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (30/100). GTAW/EBW possible with full inert-gas or vacuum shielding and matching filler, but the weld/HAZ loses ductility and toughness; post-weld solution treat + age is required for structural joints, so most aerospace parts are mechanically fastened.
What surface finishes work on Ti-10-2-3-STA?
Shot peen or glass-bead peen highly loaded surfaces; anodize (Type II/colour) or chemically convert for ID and galling control; avoid chlorinated cleaners and cadmium/hydrogen-charging plating processes, and use titanium-safe pickling to prevent hydrogen pickup.
Can Ti-10-2-3-STA be formed, bent or molded?
Primarily a forging alloy — excellent hot workability just below the ~800 °C β transus with tightly controlled finish temperature and cooling rate; cold forming only in the solution-treated (soft) condition, then age to final strength.
What is the maximum service temperature of Ti-10-2-3-STA?
Ti-10-2-3-STA is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Ti-10-2-3-O and Ti-10-2-3 STA-HS?
O is the default condition — standard mill-supplied bar/billet condition: moderate strength, best machinability and stock stability before customer solution treat + age. STA-HS: choose for weight-critical, strength-driven fittings where lower fracture toughness and ductility are acceptable. Yield strength is 930 MPa in O versus 1,220 MPa in STA-HS.
Can FabDigit make parts in Ti-10-2-3-STA?
Yes — Ti-10-2-3-STA is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- AMS 4983 — Titanium Alloy Forgings, 10V-2Fe-3Al, Solution Heat Treated and Aged — SAE International (2018)
- AMS 4984 — Ti 10V-2Fe-3Al Forgings, STA, High Toughness — SAE International (2018)
- AMS 4986 — Ti 10V-2Fe-3Al Forgings, STA, High Strength — SAE International (2018)
- AMS 4987 — Ti 10V-2Fe-3Al Bar and Billet, Annealed — SAE International (2017)
- Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys — ASM International (1994)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- TIMETAL 10-2-3 alloy data sheet — TIMET (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.