Steel M19 · temper · default condition
Steel M19 Annealed
Properties of the Annealed condition, compared with the other M19 tempers.
Standard fully processed condition: magnetic properties are final, stamp laminations and use as-is.
What is M19 Annealed?
M19 Annealed is M19 in the Annealed temper — standard fully processed condition: magnetic properties are final, stamp laminations and use as-is. M19 Annealed has a yield strength of 340 MPa (49.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) — weaker than 76% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). M19 Annealed has a density of 7.65 g/cm³ (0.276 lb/in³), lighter than 97% of steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Advantages
- Forms and bends easily — 65/100, better than 81% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 25%, better than 76% of steel grades
Limitations
- Limited service temperature — 200°C (392 °F), worse than 93% of steel grades
- Poor heat conductor — 25 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 88% of steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 3.3 % IACS, worse than 87% of steel grades
- Low strength — 340 MPa (49.3 ksi), worse than 76% of steel grades
M19 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for M19 Annealed — 12 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every M19 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
M19 Annealed has a density of 7.65 g/cm³ (0.276 lb/in³), lighter than 97% of steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical12
M19 Annealed has a yield strength of 340 MPa (49.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) — weaker than 76% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
M19 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 25 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 88% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.5 µm/m·K (6.39 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
M19 Annealed conducts electricity at 3.3 % IACS, worse than 87% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (15/100), better than 75% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of M19 Annealed takes about 32 MJ of energy and emits 2.4 kg of CO₂ — more than 70% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability7
M19 Annealed's machinability is fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades); weldability fair (50/100); formability good (65/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other M19 tempers and conditions
M19 is also supplied in 1 other condition. The full side-by-side table is on the M19 overview.
- AnnealedDefaultStandard fully processed condition: magnetic properties are final, stamp laminations and use as-is.340 MPa yield · 72 HRB
- Cold RolledPick when laminations will be stress-relief or decarburising annealed after blanking; higher strength and flatness, poorer as-supplied core loss.500 MPa yield · 88 HRB
Working with M19 Annealed
Is M19 easy to machine?
Punching/blanking with sharp carbide tooling and tight clearance (~5 % of thickness) is the normal route; conventional machining is abrasive and burrs short adjacent laminations.
Can M19 be welded?
Only tack/laser stitch welding of stacks is normal — any weld or heat-affected zone locally raises core loss and can create interlaminar shorts.
Can M19 be formed, bent or molded?
Good punchability and moderate bendability; the 3 % Si makes it notch-sensitive, so avoid tight bend radii and stress-relieve (750–840 °C, inert/decarb atmosphere) after heavy forming.
What surface finishes work on M19?
Supplied with C-5 inorganic/organic insulating coating; do not shot blast or pickle, and clean only with solvents before varnish impregnation of the stack.
M19 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Siraises resistivity, lowers eddy-current loss | 2.8 – 3.4 | 3.15 |
| Alco-alloyed with Si to raise resistivity | 0.2 – 0.7 | 0.4 |
| Mn | 0.1 – 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Ckept ultra-low to avoid magnetic ageing | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.01 | 0.01 |
| N | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Fe | balance | — |
M19 Annealed — frequently asked
What is M19 Annealed used for?
M19 Annealed is typically used for motor stator and rotor laminations, distribution transformer cores, generator and alternator laminations, reactor and choke cores, servo and stepper motor stacks and solenoid and relay cores. In short: non-oriented electrical coil.
What is the yield strength of M19 Annealed?
M19 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 340 MPa (49.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) — weaker than 76% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 2 listed tempers.
Is M19 Annealed easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades). Punching/blanking with sharp carbide tooling and tight clearance (~5 % of thickness) is the normal route; conventional machining is abrasive and burrs short adjacent laminations.
Can M19 Annealed be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (50/100). Only tack/laser stitch welding of stacks is normal — any weld or heat-affected zone locally raises core loss and can create interlaminar shorts.
What surface finishes work on M19 Annealed?
Supplied with C-5 inorganic/organic insulating coating; do not shot blast or pickle, and clean only with solvents before varnish impregnation of the stack.
Can M19 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Good punchability and moderate bendability; the 3 % Si makes it notch-sensitive, so avoid tight bend radii and stress-relieve (750–840 °C, inert/decarb atmosphere) after heavy forming.
What is the maximum service temperature of M19 Annealed?
M19 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in M19 Annealed?
Yes — M19 Annealed is available for sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A677 — Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A683 — Nonoriented Electrical Steel Semiprocessed Types — ASTM (2019)
- ASTM A976 — Classification of Insulating Coatings for Electrical Steels — ASTM (2019)
- Selection of Electrical Steels for Magnetic Cores — AK Steel / Cleveland-Cliffs (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties of Magnetically Soft Materials — ASM International (1990)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.