Steel 1065 · supply condition · default condition
Steel 1065-HR
Properties of the HR condition, compared with the other 1065 tempers.
Default stock condition for bar, plate and coil that will be machined and then heat treated.
What is 1065-HR?
1065-HR is 1065 supplied in the HR condition — default stock condition for bar, plate and coil that will be machined and then heat treated. 1065-HR has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — weaker than 67% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). 1065-HR has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 65/100, better than 78% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 45 MPa·√m (41 ksi·√in), worse than 90% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 84% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 25/100, worse than 77% of steel grades
1065-HR properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1065-HR — 13 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 1065 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
1065-HR has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical15
1065-HR has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — weaker than 67% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1065-HR is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.3 µm/m·K (6.28 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1065-HR conducts electricity at 9.5 % IACS, better than 74% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 87% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1065-HR takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
1065-HR's machinability is fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades); weldability poor (25/100); formability poor (30/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 1065 tempers and conditions
1065 is also supplied in 8 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 1065 overview.
- HRDefaultDefault stock condition for bar, plate and coil that will be machined and then heat treated.380 MPa yield · 190 HB
- H&T-SpringPre-hardened strip supplied ready to form flat springs, clips, shims and doctor blades — no further heat treatment.1,400 MPa yield · 46 HRC
- Q&TStandard hardened condition for blades, knives, springs and wear parts needing high strength with usable toughness.1,200 MPa yield · 42 HRC
- CDChoose for close size tolerance, straightness and higher as-supplied yield strength without heat treating.635 MPa yield · 220 HB
- SA-CD1065 spheroidize-annealed to a globular carbide structure then cold drawn — better ductility and cold-heading/machining behaviour than as-drawn pearlitic bar at similar strength.530 MPa yield · 187 HB
- CRCold-rolled coil/strip for blanked parts, saw plate and blade blanks that will be hardened after forming.520 MPa yield · 205 HB
- NormalizedPick for uniform fine pearlitic structure and better machined-surface consistency before hardening.420 MPa yield · 200 HB
- AnnealedSoftest general condition; pick it for machining, blanking and stress-free stock before hardening.340 MPa yield · 174 HB
- SAUse for severe cold forming, upsetting or heavy machining of high-carbon stock.320 MPa yield · 160 HB
Working with 1065-HR
Is 1065 easy to machine?
Machine annealed or spheroidized with rigid setups, carbide tooling, 60–100 m/min and generous coolant; above ~35 HRC switch to grinding, CBN or EDM.
Can 1065 be welded?
Poor weldability — preheat 200–300 °C, low-hydrogen consumables, minimum restraint and immediate post-weld temper/stress relief to avoid HAZ martensite cracking.
Can 1065 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in the annealed/spheroidized state with generous bend radii (≥2t); hard or tempered strip has little residual ductility and should be roll-formed or blanked, then stress relieved at 250–350 °C.
What surface finishes work on 1065?
No corrosion resistance: use black oxide, manganese/zinc phosphate, oil, zinc or nickel plating (bake to avoid hydrogen embrittlement above 40 HRC), or paint; polishes to a fine edge but must be protected.
1065 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE/AISI 1065; EN C67 is 0.65–0.72 | 0.6 – 0.7 | 0.65 |
| Mn | 0.6 – 0.9 | 0.75 |
| Sitypical for killed hot-rolled product; not specified for all forms | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
1065-HR — frequently asked
What is 1065-HR used for?
1065-HR is typically used for coil springs, washers and hand tools. In short: premium high-carbon spring steel.
What is the yield strength of 1065-HR?
1065-HR has a typical yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — weaker than 67% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 9 listed tempers.
Is 1065-HR easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades). Machine annealed or spheroidized with rigid setups, carbide tooling, 60–100 m/min and generous coolant; above ~35 HRC switch to grinding, CBN or EDM.
Can 1065-HR be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (25/100). Poor weldability — preheat 200–300 °C, low-hydrogen consumables, minimum restraint and immediate post-weld temper/stress relief to avoid HAZ martensite cracking.
What surface finishes work on 1065-HR?
No corrosion resistance: use black oxide, manganese/zinc phosphate, oil, zinc or nickel plating (bake to avoid hydrogen embrittlement above 40 HRC), or paint; polishes to a fine edge but must be protected.
Can 1065-HR be formed, bent or molded?
Form in the annealed/spheroidized state with generous bend radii (≥2t); hard or tempered strip has little residual ductility and should be roll-formed or blanked, then stress relieved at 250–350 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1065-HR?
1065-HR is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1065-HR and 1065-CD?
HR is the default condition — default stock condition for bar, plate and coil that will be machined and then heat treated. CD: choose for close size tolerance, straightness and higher as-supplied yield strength without heat treating. Yield strength is 380 MPa in HR versus 635 MPa in CD.
Can FabDigit make parts in 1065-HR?
Yes — 1065-HR is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A682/A684 — Hardenable and High-Carbon Cold-Rolled Steel Strip — ASTM (2019)
- EN 10132-4 / EN 10083-2 (C67 / C60E) — CEN (2006)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.4 — Heat Treating — ASM International (1991)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining — ASM International (1989)
- Carbon steel property compilations (MMPDS/CES typical values) — various (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.