Steel 1035 · supply condition · default condition
Steel 1035-HR
Properties of the HR condition, compared with the other 1035 tempers.
Default stock condition for bar, plate and forging blanks where scale and ±loose tolerance are acceptable.
What is 1035-HR?
1035-HR is 1035 supplied in the HR condition — default stock condition for bar, plate and forging blanks where scale and ±loose tolerance are acceptable. 1035-HR has a yield strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 585 MPa (84.8 ksi) — weaker than 80% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). 1035-HR has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 60/100, better than 83% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 320 MPa (46.4 ksi), worse than 80% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 60 MPa·√m (54.6 ksi·√in), worse than 79% of steel grades
1035-HR properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1035-HR — 13 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 1035 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
1035-HR has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
1035-HR has a yield strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 585 MPa (84.8 ksi) — weaker than 80% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1035-HR is rated for continuous service to 425°C (797 °F). It conducts heat at 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.9 µm/m·K (6.61 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1035-HR conducts electricity at 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 87% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1035-HR takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability6
1035-HR's machinability is good (60/100, better than 83% of steel grades); weldability good (55/100); formability fair (50/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 1035 tempers and conditions
1035 is also supplied in 6 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 1035 overview.
- HRDefaultDefault stock condition for bar, plate and forging blanks where scale and ±loose tolerance are acceptable.320 MPa yield · 163 HB
- Q&TUse for loaded shafts, gears blanks, couplings and fasteners up to ~40 mm section where 550–800 MPa strength with usable toughness is required.550 MPa yield · 20 HRC
- IHSelect when a wear-resistant 50–58 HRC skin is needed on a tough normalized or Q&T core, e.g. shaft journals and guide rails.550 MPa yield · 54 HRC
- CDPick for shafts, pins and screw-machine work needing higher yield, bright surface and h9/h11 size tolerance without machining.460 MPa yield · 163 HB
- NormalizedStandard condition for forgings and weldments: uniform fine grain, good strength/toughness balance without quench distortion.345 MPa yield · 163 HB
- AnnealedSoftest condition; use before heavy cold forming, deep machining or as a stress-free base for later hardening.270 MPa yield · 143 HB
Working with 1035-HR
Is 1035 easy to machine?
Machines well at ~65 % of 1212 with carbide or HSS; normalized or Q&T structure gives cleaner chips than annealed, and free-cutting is limited by low sulphur.
Can 1035 be welded?
Weldable by SMAW/GMAW with low-hydrogen consumables; preheat 100–200 °C for sections above ~20 mm and post-weld stress relieve to avoid HAZ hardening and cracking.
Can 1035 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forges readily at 1100–1200 °C; cold bending only in annealed/hot-rolled state with generous radii (≥2t), since 0.35 % C limits cold formability.
What surface finishes work on 1035?
No inherent corrosion protection — specify phosphate + oil, zinc plate, blackening or paint; takes chrome plating, nitriding and induction hardening well and polishes to a fair bright finish.
1035 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE/AISI 1035; JIS S35C 0.32–0.38 | 0.32 – 0.38 | 0.35 |
| Mn | 0.6 – 0.9 | 0.75 |
| SiNot specified for SAE bar; per JIS S35C, DIN C35, GB/T 699 grade 35 | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| Smax (SAE); 0.035 max per JIS/GB | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Curesidual limit, GB/T 699 | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Niresidual | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Crresidual | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
1035-HR — frequently asked
What is 1035-HR used for?
1035-HR is typically used for forged gears, hand tools and bolts. In short: standard carbon steel.
What is the yield strength of 1035-HR?
1035-HR has a typical yield strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 585 MPa (84.8 ksi) — weaker than 80% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 1035-HR easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (60/100, better than 83% of steel grades). Machines well at ~65 % of 1212 with carbide or HSS; normalized or Q&T structure gives cleaner chips than annealed, and free-cutting is limited by low sulphur.
Can 1035-HR be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (55/100). Weldable by SMAW/GMAW with low-hydrogen consumables; preheat 100–200 °C for sections above ~20 mm and post-weld stress relieve to avoid HAZ hardening and cracking.
What surface finishes work on 1035-HR?
No inherent corrosion protection — specify phosphate + oil, zinc plate, blackening or paint; takes chrome plating, nitriding and induction hardening well and polishes to a fair bright finish.
Can 1035-HR be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forges readily at 1100–1200 °C; cold bending only in annealed/hot-rolled state with generous radii (≥2t), since 0.35 % C limits cold formability.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1035-HR?
1035-HR is rated for continuous use to about 425°C (797 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1035-HR and 1035-IH?
HR is the default condition — default stock condition for bar, plate and forging blanks where scale and ±loose tolerance are acceptable. IH: select when a wear-resistant 50–58 HRC skin is needed on a tough normalized or Q&T core, e.g. shaft journals and guide rails. Yield strength is 320 MPa in HR versus 550 MPa in IH.
Can FabDigit make parts in 1035-HR?
Yes — 1035-HR is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- SAE J403 Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought — ASTM (2020)
- JIS G 4051 Carbon steels for machine structural use (S35C) — JSA (2016)
- EN 10083-2 / DIN 17200 C35 (1.0501) — CEN (2006)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining — ASM International (1989)
- Carbon steel LCI and property datasets — worldsteel / CES EduPack (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.