Steel 1010 · temper
Steel 1010 Annealed
Properties of the Annealed condition, compared with the other 1010 tempers.
Choose for maximum ductility in deep drawing, severe cold heading or before carburizing.
What is 1010 Annealed?
1010 Annealed is 1010 in the Annealed temper — choose for maximum ductility in deep drawing, severe cold heading or before carburizing. 1010 Annealed has a yield strength of 180 MPa (26.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) — weaker than 99% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 32% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1010 Annealed has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 91% of steel grades. It melts at 1,495°C (2,723 °F). HR is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Annealed is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 12 % IACS, better than 100% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 98/100, better than 100% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 95/100, better than 97% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 32%, better than 95% of steel grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 140 MPa·√m (127.4 ksi·√in), better than 94% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 180 MPa (26.1 ksi), worse than 99% of steel grades
- Hard to polish — 40/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
1010 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1010 Annealed — 10 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 1010 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
1010 Annealed has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 91% of steel grades. It melts at 1,495°C (2,723 °F).
Mechanical15
1010 Annealed has a yield strength of 180 MPa (26.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) — weaker than 99% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 32% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1010 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 49.8 W/m·K (28.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 85% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.2 µm/m·K (6.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1010 Annealed conducts electricity at 12 % IACS, better than 100% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 87% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1010 Annealed takes about 24 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 97% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability6
1010 Annealed's machinability is fair (42/100, worse than 72% of steel grades); weldability excellent (95/100); formability excellent (98/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 1010 tempers and conditions
1010 is also supplied in 5 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 1010 overview.
- HRDefaultCheapest general-purpose condition for weldments, brackets and structural stampings where scale and loose tolerances are acceptable.180 MPa yield · 95 HB
- CDUse for turned and screw-machine parts, shafts and cold-headed fasteners needing higher yield and good size tolerance.305 MPa yield · 105 HB
- CarburizedSelect when a wear-resistant hard case (0.3–1.5 mm) over a tough, ductile low-carbon core is needed — pins, bushings, light gears.300 MPa yield · 60 HRC
- CRPick for clean bright surface, tight thickness tolerance and press-formed sheet parts, panels and enclosures.290 MPa yield · 105 HB
- NormalizedUse to refine grain and homogenise properties after forging or heavy welding, giving uniform strength and good toughness.200 MPa yield · 95 HB
- AnnealedChoose for maximum ductility in deep drawing, severe cold heading or before carburizing.180 MPa yield · 90 HB
Working with 1010 Annealed
Is 1010 easy to machine?
Gummy and prone to built-up edge — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, generous coolant; switch to 1018/12L14 for volume screw-machine work.
Can 1010 be welded?
Excellent by all processes (MIG/TIG/stick/spot/laser) with ER70S-x or E70xx filler; no preheat or PWHT needed at normal sheet and bar thicknesses.
Can 1010 be formed, bent or molded?
Outstanding cold formability — deep drawing, roll forming, bending to near-zero radius and cold heading in the annealed or CR temper.
What surface finishes work on 1010?
Must be coated: zinc plate/galvanize, phosphate + oil, e-coat, powder or paint; takes plating and enamel readily but rusts within hours bare.
1010 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE/AISI 1010, heat analysis | 0.08 – 0.13 | 0.1 |
| Mn | 0.3 – 0.6 | 0.45 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Sinot specified for rimmed/capped steel; ≤0.10 typical in killed sheet | ≤ 0.1 | 0.05 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1010 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 1010 Annealed used for?
1010 Annealed is typically used for welded structural tubing, formed chassis panels, stamped brackets and clips, cold-headed fasteners, wire and nails and carburized pins and bushings. In short: standard soft steel; budget.
What is the yield strength of 1010 Annealed?
1010 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 180 MPa (26.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) — weaker than 99% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1010 Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (42/100, worse than 72% of steel grades). Gummy and prone to built-up edge — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, generous coolant; switch to 1018/12L14 for volume screw-machine work.
Can 1010 Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (95/100). Excellent by all processes (MIG/TIG/stick/spot/laser) with ER70S-x or E70xx filler; no preheat or PWHT needed at normal sheet and bar thicknesses.
What surface finishes work on 1010 Annealed?
Must be coated: zinc plate/galvanize, phosphate + oil, e-coat, powder or paint; takes plating and enamel readily but rusts within hours bare.
Can 1010 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Outstanding cold formability — deep drawing, roll forming, bending to near-zero radius and cold heading in the annealed or CR temper.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1010 Annealed?
1010 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1010-HR and 1010-CD?
HR is the default condition — cheapest general-purpose condition for weldments, brackets and structural stampings where scale and loose tolerances are acceptable. CD: use for turned and screw-machine parts, shafts and cold-headed fasteners needing higher yield and good size tolerance. Yield strength is 180 MPa in HR versus 305 MPa in CD.
Can FabDigit make parts in 1010 Annealed?
Yes — 1010 Annealed is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A1008/A1008M — Cold-Rolled Carbon Steel Sheet — ASTM (2021)
- ASTM A1011/A1011M — Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Sheet — ASTM (2018)
- ASTM A108 — Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Typical mechanical property tables for carbon steel bars — ASM/MatWeb (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.