Stainless Steel 314 · heat-treated state · default condition
Stainless Steel 314 Solution Annealed
Properties of the Solution Annealed condition, compared with the other 314 tempers.
Default stocked condition for bar, plate and forgings: carbides dissolved and rapidly cooled for maximum ductility before service at temperature.
What is 314 Solution Annealed?
314 Solution Annealed is 314 heat treated to Solution Annealed — default stocked condition for bar, plate and forgings: carbides dissolved and rapidly cooled for maximum ductility before service at temperature. 314 Solution Annealed has a yield strength of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a tensile strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) — weaker than 54% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 314 Solution Annealed has a density of 7.72 g/cm³ (0.279 lb/in³), lighter than 73% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Advantages
- High service temperature — 1,100°C (2,012 °F), better than 96% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 89% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 5.8 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 85% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 45/100, worse than 79% of stainless steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 2 % IACS, worse than 78% of stainless steel grades
314 Solution Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 314 Solution Annealed — 11 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 314 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the stainless steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
314 Solution Annealed has a density of 7.72 g/cm³ (0.279 lb/in³), lighter than 73% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical14
314 Solution Annealed has a yield strength of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a tensile strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) — weaker than 54% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
314 Solution Annealed is rated for continuous service to 1,100°C (2,012 °F). It conducts heat at 17 W/m·K (9.82 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15 µm/m·K (8.33 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
314 Solution Annealed conducts electricity at 2 % IACS, worse than 78% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (68/100), better than 63% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 314 Solution Annealed takes about 82 MJ of energy and emits 5.8 kg of CO₂ — more than 90% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 55%.
Manufacturability7
314 Solution Annealed's machinability is poor (28/100, worse than 80% of stainless steel grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 314 tempers and conditions
314 is also supplied in 3 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 314 overview.
- Solution AnnealedDefaultDefault stocked condition for bar, plate and forgings: carbides dissolved and rapidly cooled for maximum ductility before service at temperature.345 MPa yield · 180 HB
- Cold DrawnChoose when higher room-temperature strength, straightness and a bright dimensional finish are needed; cold work is lost on the first heat-up to service temperature.550 MPa yield · 235 HB
- AnnealedPick for sheet, strip and plate that must be formed or rolled into muffles and liners before installation.320 MPa yield · 170 HB
Working with 314 Solution Annealed
Is 314 easy to machine?
Tough, gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, 15-25 m/min, heavy feeds, flood coolant and never dwell in the cut.
Can 314 be welded?
Weldable with GTAW/SMAW using 310 or 330 filler, but the high Si and high C raise hot-cracking and sigma risk — keep heat input low, no preheat, restrict interpass temperature and avoid heavy restraint.
Can 314 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work at 1150-1200 °C and finish above 950 °C; cold forming needs high forces and generous radii, with a 1050-1150 °C solution anneal and rapid cool afterwards.
What surface finishes work on 314?
Pickle and passivate after fabrication to restore the oxide film; grind/polish to No.4 or bright finishes if needed — not anodisable, and plating is rarely used.
314 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Chigh C for creep strength | ≤ 0.25 | 0.15 |
| Sikey addition for scaling resistance | 1.5 – 3 | 2.2 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Cr | 23 – 26 | 24.5 |
| Ni | 19 – 22 | 20.5 |
| Febalance ≈ 50 % | balance | — |
314 Solution Annealed — frequently asked
What is 314 Solution Annealed used for?
314 Solution Annealed is typically used for heat treatment furnace fixtures, annealing baskets, carburizing furnace trays and grids, radiant tubes, burner and combustion-chamber parts and furnace conveyor links. In short: heat-resistant austenitic stainless.
What is the yield strength of 314 Solution Annealed?
314 Solution Annealed has a typical yield strength of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a tensile strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) — weaker than 54% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is 314 Solution Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (28/100, worse than 80% of stainless steel grades). Tough, gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, 15-25 m/min, heavy feeds, flood coolant and never dwell in the cut.
Can 314 Solution Annealed be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). Weldable with GTAW/SMAW using 310 or 330 filler, but the high Si and high C raise hot-cracking and sigma risk — keep heat input low, no preheat, restrict interpass temperature and avoid heavy restraint.
What surface finishes work on 314 Solution Annealed?
Pickle and passivate after fabrication to restore the oxide film; grind/polish to No.4 or bright finishes if needed — not anodisable, and plating is rarely used.
Can 314 Solution Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work at 1150-1200 °C and finish above 950 °C; cold forming needs high forces and generous radii, with a 1050-1150 °C solution anneal and rapid cool afterwards.
What is the maximum service temperature of 314 Solution Annealed?
314 Solution Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 1,100°C (2,012 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 314 Solution Annealed?
Yes — 314 Solution Annealed is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A276/A479 (UNS S31400 bar and shapes) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A167 / A240 heat-resisting Cr-Ni sheet and plate — ASTM International (2020)
- EN 10095 — Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys (X15CrNiSi25-21, 1.4841) — CEN (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Machinery's Handbook (machinability ratings for austenitic stainless) — Industrial Press (2020)
- Heat-resistant stainless 1.4841 / 314 datasheet — Outokumpu / Sandvik (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.