Copper Alloy C95400 · heat-treated state
Copper Alloy C95400-HT
Properties of the HT condition, compared with the other C95400 tempers.
Pick when maximum strength, hardness and wear resistance are needed (heavily loaded worm gears, dies, bearing sleeves) and when de-aluminification resistance must be improved.
What is C95400-HT?
C95400-HT is C95400 heat treated to HT — pick when maximum strength, hardness and wear resistance are needed (heavily loaded worm gears, dies, bearing sleeves) and when de-aluminification resistance must be improved. C95400-HT has a yield strength of 372 MPa (54 ksi) and a tensile strength of 758 MPa (110 ksi) — stronger than 75% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 8% and the elastic modulus is 110 GPa (16 Msi). C95400-HT has a density of 7.45 g/cm³ (0.269 lb/in³), lighter than 99% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,038°C (1,900 °F). As Cast is the default condition FabDigit quotes; HT is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Lightweight — 7.45 g/cm³ (0.269 lb/in³), better than 99% of copper alloy grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 78/100, better than 93% of copper alloy grades
- High service temperature — 300°C (572 °F), better than 84% of copper alloy grades
- High strength — 372 MPa (54 ksi), better than 75% of copper alloy grades
- Readily welded — 60/100, better than 75% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 8%, worse than 83% of copper alloy grades
C95400-HT properties
Typical room-temperature values for C95400-HT — 13 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every C95400 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the copper alloy grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
C95400-HT has a density of 7.45 g/cm³ (0.269 lb/in³), lighter than 99% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,038°C (1,900 °F).
Mechanical12
C95400-HT has a yield strength of 372 MPa (54 ksi) and a tensile strength of 758 MPa (110 ksi) — stronger than 75% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 8% and the elastic modulus is 110 GPa (16 Msi).
Thermal6
C95400-HT is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 58.6 W/m·K (33.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 63% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 16.2 µm/m·K (9 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C95400-HT conducts electricity at 13 % IACS, worse than 58% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (78/100), better than 93% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C95400-HT takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 72% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 50%.
Manufacturability8
C95400-HT's machinability is fair (40/100, better than 58% of copper alloy grades); weldability good (60/100); formability poor (20/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other C95400 tempers and conditions
C95400 is also supplied in 2 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the C95400 overview.
- As CastDefaultDefault stocked condition for gears, bushings and valve components where 586 MPa UTS and ~170 HB are sufficient.241 MPa yield · 170 HB
- HTPick when maximum strength, hardness and wear resistance are needed (heavily loaded worm gears, dies, bearing sleeves) and when de-aluminification resistance must be improved.372 MPa yield · 18 HRC
- Cont CastChoose for machined bushings and sleeves cut from bar/tube stock: finer, denser structure than sand cast with slightly higher strength and better machined-surface quality.262 MPa yield · 175 HB
Working with C95400-HT
Is C95400 easy to machine?
Machines at about 60 % of free-cutting brass: tough, gummy chips need sharp positive-rake carbide, rigid setup, moderate speed and generous coolant; HT material is harder and abrasive on tooling.
Can C95400 be welded?
GTAW/GMAW with matching aluminium-bronze filler (ERCuAl-A2) works well with 150–250 °C preheat and clean oxide removal; avoid oxyfuel and soldering because of the tenacious alumina film.
Can C95400 be formed, bent or molded?
Casting alloy — sand, centrifugal and continuous cast; use bottom gating and good filtering to keep alumina dross out, feed heavily due to high solidification shrinkage; not cold formable.
What surface finishes work on C95400?
Takes a good mechanical polish and develops a stable olive-brown patina; not anodizable — use passivation, lacquer or paint for appearance, and electroless nickel/chrome where extra wear resistance is needed.
C95400 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Alprimary strengthening element | 10 – 11.5 | 11 |
| Fegrain refiner, forms κ phases | 3 – 5 | 4 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.5 | 0.2 |
| NiNi + Co | ≤ 1.5 | 0.3 |
| Si | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Zn | ≤ 0.5 | — |
| Cu | ≥ 83 (balance) | — |
C95400-HT — frequently asked
What is C95400-HT used for?
C95400-HT is typically used for aluminum bronze gears and worm wheels, heavy-duty bushings and bearing sleeves, valve seats and valve components, wear plates and gib strips, forming die and press inserts and pump casings and impellers. In short: shock-load bearing bronze.
What is the yield strength of C95400-HT?
C95400-HT has a typical yield strength of 372 MPa (54 ksi) and a tensile strength of 758 MPa (110 ksi) — stronger than 75% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is C95400-HT easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (40/100, better than 58% of copper alloy grades). Machines at about 60 % of free-cutting brass: tough, gummy chips need sharp positive-rake carbide, rigid setup, moderate speed and generous coolant; HT material is harder and abrasive on tooling.
Can C95400-HT be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (60/100). GTAW/GMAW with matching aluminium-bronze filler (ERCuAl-A2) works well with 150–250 °C preheat and clean oxide removal; avoid oxyfuel and soldering because of the tenacious alumina film.
What surface finishes work on C95400-HT?
Takes a good mechanical polish and develops a stable olive-brown patina; not anodizable — use passivation, lacquer or paint for appearance, and electroless nickel/chrome where extra wear resistance is needed.
Can C95400-HT be formed, bent or molded?
Casting alloy — sand, centrifugal and continuous cast; use bottom gating and good filtering to keep alumina dross out, feed heavily due to high solidification shrinkage; not cold formable.
What is the maximum service temperature of C95400-HT?
C95400-HT is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between C95400 As Cast and C95400-HT?
As Cast is the default condition — default stocked condition for gears, bushings and valve components where 586 MPa UTS and ~170 HB are sufficient. HT: pick when maximum strength, hardness and wear resistance are needed (heavily loaded worm gears, dies, bearing sleeves) and when de-aluminification resistance must be improved. Yield strength is 241 MPa in As Cast versus 372 MPa in HT.
Can FabDigit make parts in C95400-HT?
Yes — C95400-HT is available for CNC machining with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM B148 — Aluminum-Bronze Sand Castings — ASTM (2019)
- ASTM B505/B505M — Continuous Cast Copper Alloy Castings — ASTM (2018)
- CDA Alloy Datasheet C95400 (copper.org) — Copper Development Association (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties of Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- GB/T 1176 (ZCuAl10Fe3) — SAC (2013)
- AMPCO 18 / aluminium bronze product data — AMPCO Metal (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.